The link between anger and admiration toward governmental actions and self-reported preventive behaviour in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, across six correlational studies in four different countries (total N = 4937), we examined the link between citizens' anger with and admiration for the government's actions and decisions (i.e., system-based anger and admiration) and engagement in preventive behaviour. The internal meta-analyses showed that individuals who admired the government's actions were more likely to adopt personal hygiene and social distancing behaviour. Yet, the link between emotions and preventive behaviour differed concerning the target of emotions, especially for anger. Specifically, anger about restrictions imposed by the government was negatively related to preventive behaviours, but this relationship was not significant when the target of anger was the government's overall handling of the pandemic. Our findings emphasise the importance of citizens' emotions and the targets of those emotions during the crisis.

The effects of emotions on the disposition to normative and non-normative political action in the context of the Chilean post-social outburst.

This article analyzes the role of Chileans' emotions as predictors of normative and non-normative political action in the context of the post-social outbreak and the constituent process. We carried out three descriptive studies: first, a study conducted 1 year after the social outburst (n = 607), a second one carried out before the constitutional referendum (n = 320), and a third study conducted after the constitutional referendum (n = 210). The results indicated that participants present a higher disposition to normative over non-normative political action, although both lose strength as the studies temporally move away from the social outburst. Also, our research established that emotions directed towards different events related to the Chilean political process play a conspicuous role in predicting the disposition to mobilize in a normative and non-normative way.

Disentangling the Link between Diverse Social Networks and Creativity: The Role of Personality Traits.

Past studies have shown that being exposed to ethnocultural diversity can positively impact individual creativity. Yet, little is known about the interplay between situational (i.e., diversity) and dispositional (e.g., personality) factors in predicting creativity. Taking a person-situation approach, we use social network data to test the moderating role of personality in the relationship between having an ethnoculturally diverse network and creativity. Moreover, we investigate these questions in a diverse community sample of immigrants residing in the city of Barcelona (N = 122). Moderation analyses revealed that network diversity predicted higher levels of creativity in migrant individuals with medium to high levels of extraversion, and in those with low to medium levels of emotional stability. These results highlight the need to acknowledge the important role played by interacting individual-level dispositions and more objective meso-level contextual conditions in explaining one's ability to think creatively, especially in samples that have traditionally been underrepresented in previous literature.

Disentangling the Link between Diverse Social Networks and Creativity: The Role of Personality Traits

Past studies have shown that being exposed to ethnocultural diversity can positively impact individual creativity. Yet, little is known about the interplay between situational (i.e., diversity) and dispositional (e.g., personality) factors in predicting creativity. Taking a person-situation approach, we use social network data to test the moderating role of personality in the relationship between having an ethnoculturally diverse network and creativity. Moreover, we investigate these questions in a diverse community sample of immigrants residing in the city of Barcelona (N = 122). Moderation analyses revealed that network diversity predicted higher levels of creativity in migrant individuals with medium to high levels of extraversion, and in those with low to medium levels of emotional stability. These results highlight the need to acknowledge the important role played by interacting individual-level dispositions and more objective meso-level contextual conditions in explaining one’s ability to think creatively, especially in samples that have traditionally been underrepresented in previous literature. (AU)

When they cry: Tears facilitate responses toward members of socially disadvantaged groups.

Emotional tears are vehicles for bonding between individuals, even with those belonging to different social categories. Yet, little is known about the reactions they provoke toward members of underprivileged groups such as immigrants or the explanatory mechanisms of their effects. Across three experiments (with 546 adults) using standardized images of emotional displays, we tested the effects of tears on cognitive inferences (of warmth and competence) and self-reported affective responses (such as compassion or discomfort), and both directly and indirectly on self-reported prosocial behavioral intentions toward an immigrant male. Compared with nontearful (i.e., neutral and sad) expressions, observers perceived a tearful immigrant as warmer but not as less competent (except for study 3). They also felt more compassion (but not discomfort) and were more willing to offer an immigrant person emotional (i.e., to approach and comfort) and instrumental support (i.e., to donate money to an organization helping immigrants but not volunteer their time). Inferred warmth and felt compassion (or compassion-related emotions) explained the effects of tears on emotional support and donation intentions. This research highlights the need to study emotion expression in the context of interethnic and, more broadly, intergroup relations and the effects of emotional tears beyond the willingness to provide immediate assistance. We also discuss implications that tears might have for promoting different types of solidarity with members of underprivileged groups such as immigrants. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Creativity and (global, ethnic, host) cultural identifications: An examination in migrant and host national samples.

We live in an era of unprecedented interconnectivity and challenges (e.g., climate change, pandemics) that require global mindsets and creative approaches. While research on global identification has increased in recent years, the question of whether it can facilitate creativity remains largely unexplored. Moreover, despite the evidence linking multicultural experiences and global identities, migrant populations have been overly underrepresented in this area of research. We examine the association between global culture identification and creativity in the Alternate Uses Test, across two different samples residing in Spain: a host national and majorly student sample (N = 326) and a culturally diverse immigrant sample (N = 122). Additionally, we test the predictive value of ethnic identification (in both samples) and host culture identification (in the immigrant sample). Regression analyses reveal that global culture identification positively predicts creativity among host national participants, and host culture identification predicts creativity among immigrant participants. Our results suggest that developing a cultural identity that transcends the one acquired through enculturation (i.e., global culture identification for the host national sample, host culture identification for the immigrant sample) has the potential of facilitating creative behavior.

Participation in multicultural awareness-raising community actions: Positive effects on well-being and group efficacy.

OBJECTIVE: This participatory research sought to understand how engagement in awareness-raising multicultural activities strengthens well-being and group efficacy among immigrants and host nationals. We also examined the mediating role of self-transcendent emotions and shared flow. METHOD: We tested our predictions across three studies, each focused on one awareness-raising activity organized by a nongovernmental organization, SOS Racismo-Mugak, working closely with the local community. This investigation was conducted in line with a community-based participatory research framework and thus with participation of community members in the procedure design, recruitment and data collection, as well as the dissemination of research findings. In Study 1, 204 participants responded to a survey before, during, and after participating in a multicultural lunch promoting interaction between immigrant and host national families. In Study 2, 106 participants were surveyed during an open-outdoors multicultural community meal. In Study 3, 93 participants completed an online survey after an antiracist protest. RESULTS: Self-transcendent emotions and shared flow explained the relationship between the quality of participation and well-being (Studies 1 and 2) among immigrants and host nationals. The indirect effect of shared flow was stronger for immigrants (Study 1). The relationship between quality of participation and group efficacy was mediated by self-transcendent emotions (Study 2) and shared flow (Study 3) for both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results point out that participation in community awareness-raising activities has several positive outcomes, such as individual and collective empowerment, and elicits shared flow and self-transcendent emotions among immigrants and host nationals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Ethnocultural diversity of immigrants' personal social networks, bicultural identity integration and global identification.

There is some evidence that ethnocultural diversity encourages superordinate levels of categorisation, such as feeling identified with people globally. A remaining question is what type of engagement with diversity facilitates this link and why. We use immigrants' personal social network data and examine the link between global identification and ethnocultural diversity among closer relationships (i.e. strong network contacts, such as friendships) and more distant ones (i.e. weak contacts, including neighbours and acquaintances). Furthermore, following exposure to diversity, individuals may internalise more than one culture and differ how they integrate their multiple cultural socialisation into the self (i.e. vary in their degree of bicultural identity integration). We thus test whether relational ethnocultural diversity is linked to a stronger global identification through either cultural blendedness (i.e. combining two cultures) or harmony (i.e. perceiving two cultures as compatible). Relying on a culturally diverse community sample of 216 immigrants residing in Barcelona (53% female, Mage  = 31 years, SD = 10.4), we found that ethnocultural diversity among strong (but not weak) contacts was associated with stronger global identification and that this association is mediated by cultural harmony (but not blendedness). These results attest to the link between having ethnoculturally diverse close social relationships and superordinate identification.

Releasing prisoners during COVID-19: the impact of the support for the early release, perceived insecurity and political orientation on attitudes towards released prisoners in Portugal.

PURPOSE: This study aims to examine how prisoners' early release affects other citizens' perceived insecurity and their attitudes towards those released prisoners, and how citizens' political orientation influences these variables. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: A total of 383 Portuguese participants were presented with a recommendation from the United Nations for the release of prisoners because of COVID-19 and then asked to fill in a questionnaire measuring their political orientation, support for the early release of prisoners, perceived insecurity regarding such measure and their attitudes towards the released prisoners. FINDINGS: Results showed that support for the release of prisoners during COVID-19 is associated with perceived insecurity and both, in turn, predicts inclusive attitudes regarding these prisoners, while only perceived insecurity is associated with an agreement with an intensification of social control measures. Right-wing participants were found to express the negative side. The more participants felt insecure, the more they believed released prisoners should not have the same rights as common citizens and the more they should be left out of the community. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS: The major limitation of this study concerns the sample: the authors collected answers from Portuguese participants exclusively, most of which held a university degree. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: At least two major implications can be drawn from this study's results. These implications deal with prisoners' entrance in what can be considered a cycle of exclusion and the promotion of their social reintegration once they are released from prison. SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS: The findings point out the necessity to firstly put an effort in deconstructing the insecurity perception that results from the prospective of having prisoners back into society - that is to understand why it happens and how it can be reduced - promoting efficacy in the inclusion of these prisoners and preventing the emergence of controlling or protective approaches directed to these individuals in their return to society by enhancing people's awareness that the social reintegration of ex-prisoners will benefit the whole community. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The authors present a different perspective of the impact that managing COVID-19 in prisons has on society.

Mentoring for Improving the Self-Esteem, Resilience, and Hope of Unaccompanied Migrant Youth in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area.

In the last few years, the number of unaccompanied youths arriving in Europe has increased steadily. During their settlement in host countries, they are exposed to a great variety of vulnerabilities, which have an impact on their mental health. This research examines the effects of participation in a mentoring programme on the psychological and educational outcomes among unaccompanied migrant youths who live in the Barcelona metropolitan area. Data in this mixed-methods study were obtained from 44 surveys with mentored (treatment group) and non-mentored (control group) male youths who had recently turned 18, as well as through thirty semi-structured interviews with mentored youths, their adult mentors, and non-mentored youths. Our findings indicated that participation in the mentoring programme improved the mentored youths' self-esteem, resilience, and hope, as well as their desired or expected educational outcomes in this new context. We conclude that well-targeted and problem-specific mentoring programmes have positive and marked effects on unaccompanied migrant youths' mental health. The social and political implications of these outcomes are also discussed, providing information on how interventions can offer effective networks of support for the settlement and social inclusion of unaccompanied migrant youths.

Support for collective action against refugees: The role of national, European, and global identifications, and autochthony beliefs.

To understand recent anti-refugee protests in Europe, we examined how different levels of inclusiveness of group identities (national, European, and global) are related to intentions to protest among native Europeans. We focused on the mediating role of autochthony (a belief that the first inhabitants of a territory are more entitled) and the moderating role of threat. Survey data from 11 European countries (N = 1,909) showed that national identification was positively associated with autochthony, and therefore, with the intention to protest against refugees. In contrast, global identification was related to lower protest intentions via lower autochthony. These paths were found only among Europeans who perceived refugees as a threat. European identification was not related to the endorsement of autochthony or to collective action. These findings indicate why and when majority members are willing to participate in collective action against refugees, and underscore the importance of global identification in the acceptance of refugees.

Experimental Ritual: Humanizing Immigrants or Utilitarian Prejudice in Europe? / Ritual experimental: ¿Humanizando a los inmigrantes o prejuicio utilitario en Europa?

Abstract Immigrants and refugees are constantly depicted in dehumanizing ways or as a function of economic gains for the hosting nation. These descriptions, added to the current socio-political European situation, could be dangerous due to infrahumanization levels among minorities who are target of prejudice. In this study, we attempted to reduce infrahumanization levels towards Maghrebian people through a ritualistic collective activity, manipulating the information participants had to use. Results indicate that participation was different among conditions and infrahumanization levels were reduced. Also, participants who used utilitarian information could humanize when an economic gain was perceived, while also increasing prejudice levels. The results are discussed in terms of collective rituals and the dualistic effect of utilitarian information.

Resumen A menudo los inmigrantes y refugiados son representados a través de formas deshumanizantes o como una ganancia económica para los países receptores. Este hecho, sumado a la situación sociopolítica europea actual, puede aumentar los niveles de infrahumanización que sufren las minorías objeto de prejuicio. En este estudio, se propuso reducir la infrahumanización hacia la población magrebí a través de una actividad ritualizada, manipulando la información que los participantes utilizaban. Los resultados indicaron que la participación fue diferente según las condiciones y que se redujo la infrahumanización. Además, los participantes que utilizaron información utilitarista humanizaban cuando percibían una ganancia económica, mientras que también aumentaban sus niveles de prejuicio. Los resultados se discuten en términos de rituales colectivos y efectos duales de la información utilitarista.

Dark and Bright Side of Claiming Discrimination: Making Attributions to Prejudice and Social Wellbeing among Immigrants in Spain / Dos Lados de Reclamar la Discriminación: Atribuciones al Prejuicio y Bienestar Social en las Personas Inmigrantes en España

Abstract Research on the consequences of making attributions to prejudice for the psychological functioning of minority groups is still scarce and rather inconsistent. In this study we set out to examine the consequences of making attributions to prejudice in response to social rejection for social wellbeing among immigrants in Spain. We tested this relationship and the mediating effects with representative samples of 1250 foreign-born immigrants who had lived for at least six months in the Basque Country, having been born in Bolivia, Colombia, Morocco, Romania, or Sub-Saharan African countries. The sample was drawn from public records and obtained through a probability sampling procedure by ethnicity with stratification by age and sex. We conducted mediation analyses using structural equation modeling (SEM) to verify whether the perceived ethnic discrimination effect on the five dimensions of social wellbeing was partially or completely explained by the attributions to prejudice. Our results indeed partially revealed that making attributions to prejudice protect social wellbeing form negative consequences of personal discrimination only in the dimension of social contribution. In turn, attributions to prejudice explained the negative relationship between perceived discrimination, and social acceptance and social actualization: that is, those dimensions of social wellbeing that reflect social trust. We discuss the results integrating social identity, social stigma, and positive psychology framework, through the inclusion of societal aspects of wellbeing for measuring immigrants' adaptation in the host society.

Resumen La investigación sobre las consecuencias de hacer atribuciones al prejuicio en el funcionamiento psicológico de los grupos minoritarios sigue siendo escasa y bastante inconsistente. En este estudio nos propusimos examinar las consecuencias de hacer atribuciones al prejuicio en respuesta al rechazo social para el bienestar social de las personas inmigrantes en España. Comprobamos nuestras predicciones en una muestra representativa de 1250 personas inmigrantes nacidas en el extranjero que habían vivido por lo menos seis meses en el País Vasco, habiendo nacido en Bolivia, Colombia, Marruecos, Rumania o países del África subsahariana. La muestra se extrajo de registros públicos y se obtuvo mediante un procedimiento de muestreo probabilístico por etnia con estratificación por edad y sexo. Se realizaron análisis de mediación, utilizando el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) para verificar si el efecto percibido de discriminación étnica sobre las cinco dimensiones del bienestar social fue parcial o completamente explicado por las atribuciones al prejuicio. Nuestros resultados revelaron que las atribuciones al prejuicio en parte protegen el bienestar social, teniendo consecuencias negativas la discriminación personal sólo la dimensión de la contribución social. A su vez, las atribuciones al prejuicio explicaron la relación negativa entre discriminación percibida y aceptación social y actualización social: es decir, estas dimensiones del bienestar social que reflejan la confianza social. Discutimos los resultados en el marco de las teorías de la identidad social, el estigma social y de la psicología positiva, a través de la inclusión de los aspectos sociales del bienestar para medir la adaptación de los inmigrantes en la sociedad de acogida.

Xenofobia y Homofobia como Efectos de la Orientación Política, Religión y Sexo Mediados por Clasismo y Patriocentrismo en Jóvenes Universitarios Chilenos / Xenophobia and Homophobia as Effects of Politics, Religion and Sex Orientation Measured by Classism and Patriocentrism in Chilean University Students / Xenofobia e Homofobia como Efeitos da Orientação Política, da Religião e do Sexo Mediados por Classismo e Patriocentrismo em Jovens Universitários Chilenos

Resumen La presente investigación examina, en estudiantes universitarios chilenos, la relación entre xenofobia, homofobia y las variables: sexo, religión y orientación política. También se evalúa el papel mediador del clasismo y patriocentrismo en la relación entre las variables sociodemográficas y la xenofobia y homofobia. Se utilizó metodología cuantitativa con diseño descriptivo correlacional. Los participantes fueron 509 estudiantes, con promedio de 20,81 años de edad (DT = 2,25). Se utilizó un cuestionario abreviado basado en la Encuesta de Tolerancia y No Discriminación. Los análisis de varianza mostraron que existen diferencias significativas en función de sexo, religión y orientación política. Las mujeres obtuvieron puntajes significativamente menores que los hombres en homofobia, las personas no religiosas y de izquierda obtuvieron menores puntuaciones en todas las dimensiones analizadas comparado con las personas religiosas y de derecha. Los análisis de mediación múltiple mostraron que las variables mediadoras explican esas diferencias en la homofobia y la xenofobia.

Abstract This research examines in Chilean university students the relationship between xenophobia and homophobia with socio-demographic variables (sex, religion and political orientation), and the mediating role of classism and patrio-centrism in the relationship of socio-demographic variables with xenophobia and homophobia. We applied quantitative methodology with correlational design. The study involved 509 students, with mean age of 20.81 years (SD= 2.25). The participants answered a questionnaire based on the Survey of Tolerance and Non-Discrimination. The analysis of variance showed that there are significant differences by sex, religion and political orientation. Women showed lower levels of homophobia compared to women, and non-believers and left-wing participants scored lower in all dimensiones analyzed compared to believers and right-wing participants. Furthermore, multiple mediation analyses showed that patrio-centrism and classism explain differences in homophobia and xenophobia.

Resumo Esta pesquisa examina, em estudantes universitários chilenos, a relação entre xenofobia, homofobia e as variáveis: orientação política, religião e sexo. Também se avalia o papel mediador do classismo e do patriocentrismo na relação entre as variáveis sociodemográficas e a xenofobia e a homofobia. Utilizou-se metodologia quantitativa com desenho descritivo correlacional. Participaram 509 estudantes, com média de 20.81 anos de idade (dp=2.25). Empregou-se um questionário abreviado baseado na Enquete de Tolerância e Não Discriminação. As análises de variação mostraram que existem diferenças significativas em função de orientação política, religião e sexo. As mulheres obtiveram pontuações significativamente menores do que os homens em homofobia; as pessoas não religiosas e de esquerda tiveram menores pontuações em todas as dimensões analisadas, em comparação com as religiosas e de direita. As análises de mediação múltipla mostraram que as variáveis mediadoras explicam essas diferenças na homofobia e na xenofobia.

Institutional apologies and socio-emotional climate in the South American context.

This study examined perceptions of institutional apologies related to past political violence and socio-emotional climate among victims and non-victims in Argentina (n = 518), Chile (n = 1,278), and Paraguay (n = 1,172) based on quasi-representative samples. The perceptions of apology as sincere and efficient in improving intergroup relations were associated with a positive socio-emotional climate across the three nations. Victims evaluated apologies more positively and perceived a more positive socio-emotional climate compared to non-victims in Paraguay and Argentina, whereas the opposite was true in Chile where the government opposed the victims' leftist political orientation. The evaluations of apologies also mediated the effects of exposure to violence on the perception of socio-emotional climate, but these effects were moderated by the context. Together, these findings suggest that apologies reinforce positive sociopolitical climate, and that, personal experience of victimization is an important factor determining these effects.

Shared flow and positive collective gatherings / Flujo compartido y reuniones colectivas positivas

Collective gatherings or rituals promote optimal experiences in socially acceptable circumstances. Few studies have empirically examined the experience of flow shared by a group in collective situations. The present research examined the multi-dimensional structure of shared flow experience and its role in explaining positive effects of participation in collective ritualized gatherings on personal wellbeing and social cohesion. In this longitudinal study (N = 550) participants of a local festival celebrated in San Sebastian (Tamborrada) responded to an online questionnaire at three different times. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a structure composed of nine first-order factors and one second-order factor with a 27- item version of the scale. Further, structural equation modeling analyses controlling for the pre-event scores showed indirect effects of participation in Tamborrada through shared flow on happiness, collective efficacy, identity fusion, and social integration. This research concludes that positive collective gatherings stimulate shared flow experiences and thus promote personal wellbeing and social cohesion. We discuss both the implications of these results and the utility of the Shared Flow Scale in positive psychology research

Las reuniones colectivas o rituales promueven experiencias óptimas en circunstancias socialmente aceptables. Pocos estudios han examinado empíricamente la experiencia de flujo compartido por un grupo en situaciones colectivas. El presente estudio examinó la estructura multidimensional de la experiencia de flujo compartido y su papel en la explicación de los efectos positivos de la participación en reuniones colectivas ritualizadas sobre el bienestar personal y la cohesión social. En este estudio longitudinal (N = 550) los y las participantes de un festival local celebrado en San Sebastián (Tamborrada) respondieron a cuestionarios online en tres momentos diferentes. El análisis factorial confirmatorio apoyó una estructura compuesta por nueve factores de primer orden y un factor de segundo orden en una versión de la escala de 27 ítems. Además, los análisis de modelos estructurales controlando las puntuaciones previas al evento mostraron efectos indirectos de la participación en la Tamborrada a través de flujo compartido en el bienestar, en la eficacia colectiva, en la fusión de identidad y en la integración social. Esta investigación concluye que las reuniones colectivas positivas estimulan las experiencias de flujo compartido y por lo tanto, promueven el bienestar personal y la cohesión social. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados y la utilidad de la Escala de Flujo Compartido en la investigación en psicología positiva

Representaciones Sociales de la Historia Universal: Posicionamientos Diferenciales en Función de la Ideología Política, Religiosidad y Nacionalismo en una Muestra Argentina / Representations Social Representations of Universal History: Differential Positioning at the Service of Political Ideology, Religiosity and Nationalism in the Argentinian Context / Representações Sociais da História Universal: Posicionamentos Diferenciados em função da Ideologia Política, da Religiosidade e do Nacionalismo numa Amostra Argentina

Con el objetivo de analizar las representaciones sociales de la historia a través de los sentimientos que despiertan 24 personajes de la historia universal, se administró una versión modificada del cuestionario construido por Liu et al. (2005) a una muestra intencional (N=369) de Argentina (55.7% mujeres, Medad=36.20, DEedad=11.16). El análisis de con glomerados no jerárquico arrojó 4 grupos en función de la religiosidad, el nacionalismo y el posicionamiento ideológico de los participantes. Por su parte, del análisis de clúster jerárquico, en función de los sentimientos hacia los personajes, se desprendieron 2 conglomerados denominados héroes y villanos. Los personajes religiosos y políticos son los que mayor disenso suscitan.

In order to analyze the social representations of history through the feelings elicited by 24 world history figures, a modified version of the questionnaire constructed by Liu et al. (2005) was applied to an intentional sample (N AGE=369) from Argentina (55.7% women, Mage =36.20, SD =11.16). The non-hierarchical cluster analysis identified 4 groups related to the religiosity, nationalism, and the ideological positioning of participants. On the other hand, a second hierarchical cluster analysis based on the feelings toward the historical figures identified 2 clusters, named heroes and villains. The religious and political figures are those that call for the most dissent.

Com o objetivo de analisar as representações sociais da história por meio dos sentimentos que 24 personagens da história universal despertam, aplicou-se uma versão modificada do questionário construído por Liu et al. (2005) a uma amostra intencional (N=369) da Argentina (55.7% mulheres, Midade=36.20, DEidade=11.16). A análise de conglomerado não hierárquico proporcionou quatro grupos em função da religiosidade, do nacionalismo e do posicionamento ideológico dos participantes. Por sua vez, da análise de cluster hierárquico, em função dos sentimentos pelos personagens, desprenderam-se dois conglomerados denominados heróis e vilões. Os personagens religiosos e políticos são os que maior divergência apresentaram.

La Comisión de Verdad y Justicia en Paraguay: la experiencia emocional en los rituales de conmemoración y la eficacia percibida de la comisión / The Commission of Truth and Justice in Paraguay: emotional experience in commemoration rituals and the perceived efficacy of the commission / A Comissão da Verdade e Justiça do Paraguai: a experiência emocional em rituais de comemoração e percepção da eficácia da comissão / La Commission de la Vérité et de la Justice du Paraguay: l'expérience emotionelle dans les rituels de commémoration et l'efficacité percue par la commission

La Comisión de Verdad y Justicia (CVJ) emitió en 2008 el informe "Anive Haguä Oiko/Para que no vuelva a suceder", que documentó las graves violaciones a los derechos humanos perpetradas durante los 35 años que se prolongó el periodo de la dictadura stronista. La CVJ, como ejercicio de justicia transicional, se convierte en una oportunidad para dinamizar un debate social acerca del pasado. Este estudio refleja el impacto emocional y los niveles de compartir social asociados a la Comisión en una muestra de víctimas (54.9%) y participantes no afectados (45.1%) por la represión, con distintos niveles de participación en actividades de conmemoración. Los resultados indican que participar en rituales de conmemoración a las víctimas, incrementa el nivel de compartir social y hace salientes las emociones de quienes se movilizan. La percepción de eficacia en la CVJ como medida de justicia transicional, está relacionada con esta activación emocional y compartir social. Mientras en la población no afectada la participación en rituales de conmemoración aumenta la percepción de eficacia de la CVJ a través del compartir social y la descarga de las emociones de culpa y vergüenza, entre las víctimas la participación en conmemoraciones refuerza percepción de eficacia de la CVJ a través del compartir social y la expresión de las emociones de culpa, ira y miedo.

The Commission for Truth and Justice (CVJ) issued in 2008 the report titled "Anive Haguä Oiko /So that it does not happen again" that documented serious violations of human rights perpetrated during the 35 years of Stroessner's dictatorship. As an exercise of transitional justice, the commission becomes an opportunity to energize a social debate about the past. This study reflects the emotional impact and the levels of social sharing associated with the commission in a sample of victims of repression (54.9 %) and nonvictims (45.1 %), with different levels of participation in commemoration activities. The results indicate that for victims the participation in rituals of commemoration increases the level of social sharing and makes salient emotions of those who are mobilized. The perception of effectiveness in the CVJ as a measure of transitional justice is related to this emotional arousal and social sharing and varies depending on the level of participation in collective rituals of the population. Whereas for nonvictims participation in rituals of commemoration increases the perceived effectiveness of the commission through social sharing and emotions of guilt and shame, among victims participating in commemorations reinforces perceived effectiveness of the commission through social sharing and expressing emotions of guilt, anger, and fear.

A Comissão da Verdade e Justiça (CVJ) publicou em 2008 o relatório "Anive Haguä Oiko /Para que não volte a suceder", que documentou as graves violações aos direitos humanos cometidas durante os 35 anos de duração da ditadura Stroessner. A CVJ, como exercício da justiça de transição, torna-se uma oportunidade para dinamizar um debate social sobre o passado. Este estudo reflete o impacto emocional e os níveis de partilha social associados com a Comissão em uma amostra de vítimas (54,9%) e de participantes não afetados (45,1%) pela repressão, com diferentes níveis de participação em atividades de comemoração. Os resultados indicam que participar em rituais de transição de comemoração para as vítimas aumenta o nível de partilha social e motiva as manifestações de emoções por parte de quem se mobiliza. A percepção da eficácia da CVJ como medida de justiça de transição está relacionada com esta ativação emocional e partilha social. Enquanto que na população não afetada a participação em rituais de comemoração aumenta a percepção de eficácia da CVJ através do compartilhamento social e da liberação de sentimentos de culpa e vergonha, para as vítimas a participação em comemorações reforça a percepção da eficácia da CVJ através da partilha social e da expressão de sentimentos como culpa, ira e medo.

La Commission Vérité et Justice (CVJ) a publié en 2008, le rapport « anni Hagua Oiko /Pour que ne se reproduise pas ¼, qui a documenté des violations graves des droits de l'homme perpétrées au cours des 35 années de la période de la dictature de Stroessner. La CVJ, comme activité de justice transitionnelle est devenu une opportunité pour dynamiser un débat social sur le passé. Cette étude reflète l'impact émotionnel et les niveaux de partage social associé à la Commission dans un échantillon de victimes (54,9%) et des participants non affectés (45,1%) par la répression, avec différents niveaux de participation dans les activités de commémoration et cérémonies. Les résultats indiquent que participer à des rituels de commémoration pour les victimes, augmente le niveau de partage social et produit activation émotionnelle dans lés participants. La perception de l'efficacité dans la CVJ comme une mesure de justice transitionnelle est liée à cette activation émotionnelle et le partage social. La participation de la population non affectée dans les rituels de commémoration augmente l'efficacité perçue de la RVC à travers le partage social et les émotions de culpabilité et de honte. Les victimes participant aux commémorations renforcent la perception de l'efficacité de CVJ par le partage social et l'expression des émotions de culpabilité, colère et peur.

The bright side of migration: hedonic, psychological, and social well-being in immigrants in Spain.

The aim of this study was to examine the multi-dimensional structure of well-being in immigrant population, as well as to explore the complexity of well-being disparities between immigrants and host nationals. We analyzed hedonic, psychological, and social well-being in a sample of 1250 immigrants from Bolivia, Colombia, Morocco, Romania and Sub-Saharan Africa, together with that of 500 matched host nationals from Spain. Participants were selected by means of probability sampling with stratification by age and sex. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the re-specified tripartite model of well-being, including hedonic, psychological, and social components of the individual's functioning, was the best fitting model, as compared to alternative models. Importantly, after adjustment for perceived friendship and support, marital status, income, sex and age, immigrants presented higher levels of well-being than host nationals. Compared to host nationals, immigrants reported especially higher eudaimonic well-being: social contribution and actualization, personal growth, self-acceptance, and purpose in life, and lower levels of well-being only in terms of positive relations with others and negative affect. These results are discussed in the context of positive psychology.

Health-related quality of life, ethnicity and perceived discrimination among immigrants and natives in Spain.

OBJECTIVES: The current study compares subjective mental and physical health among native Spaniards and immigrant groups, and examines the effects of ethnicity and perceived discrimination (PD) on subjective health in immigrants. DESIGN: Two random samples of 1250 immigrants to Spain from Colombia, Bolivia, Romania, Morocco, and Sub-Saharan Africa and 500 native Spaniards, aged between 18 and 65, were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Several hierarchical regression analyses of ethnicity and PD on subjective mental and physical health (assessed using the health-related quality of life items, HRQLSF-12) were carried out separately for men and women. RESULTS: Male immigrants from Colombia and Sub-Saharan Africa showed better physical health than natives, controlling for age and socioeconomic and marital status. The immigrants - except for the Colombians - had poorer mental health than natives, especially African men and Bolivian women. Socioeconomic status had no impact on these differences. Among immigrants, PD was the best predictor of physical and mental health (controlling for socio-demographic variables). African men, Bolivian women and women without legal status exhibited the poorest self-rated mental health. CONCLUSION: Clear differences in health status among natives and immigrants were recorded. The self-selection hypothesis was plausible for physical health of Colombians and Sub-Saharan African men. Acculturation stress could explain poorer mental health in immigrants compared with natives. The association between ethnicity and poor self-reported mental health appears to be partially mediated by discrimination.